Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a growing concern among horse owners,

especially with the increasing prevalence of obesity in equines. This condition affects the horse’s metabolism and can lead to serious health issues, including laminitis. Understanding EMS is crucial for the wellbeing of your horse.

What is Equine Metabolic Syndrome?

EMS is a complex disorder characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, and the presence of specific risk factors. Horses with EMS often have a thickened neck crest, fat deposits along their bodies, and a tendency to develop laminitis, which is a painful inflammation of the hoof.

Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. This can result in elevated insulin levels in the bloodstream, which can trigger other health problems.

Who is at Risk?

Certain breeds are more prone to EMS, including:

• Ponies (like Shetland and Welsh)
• Arabians
• Friesians
• Mustangs

Additionally, horses that are overweight or have a history of laminitis are at greater risk. Horses living in lush pastures or those with a high-starch diet are also more susceptible.

Symptoms to Watch For

Recognizing the signs of EMS early can help you manage the condition effectively. Common symptoms include:

• Obesity: Excess body fat, especially in the neck and belly.
• Insulin Resistance: This may not have visible symptoms but can be identified through blood tests.
• Laminitis: Signs include reluctance to move, shifting weight, and sensitivity to touch on the hooves.
• Fat Deposits: Noticeable lumps of fat along the neck, withers, and behind the shoulders.

If you notice any of these signs in your horse, it’s essential to consult with a veterinarian.

Diagnosis

A veterinarian can diagnose EMS through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and sometimes a glucose tolerance test. These tests assess insulin levels and how your horse’s body responds to glucose, helping determine if insulin resistance is present.

Managing Equine Metabolic Syndrome

While there’s no cure for EMS, it can be effectively managed through lifestyle changes. Here are some key strategies:

1. Diet Management

Feeding a balanced, low-sugar, and low-starch diet is crucial. Look for hay with low sugar content and consider feeding hay in small, frequent amounts rather than free-choice. Avoid grains and high-starch feeds, as these can exacerbate insulin resistance.

2. Regular Exercise

Regular, consistent exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity and aids in weight management. Aim for daily turnout in a safe area where your horse can move freely. If your horse is not used to exercise, gradually increase the intensity and duration.

3. Monitor Weight

Regularly check your horse’s weight and body condition score (BCS). A BCS of 5-6 is ideal for most horses. If your horse is overweight, work with your veterinarian to create a weight loss plan that is safe and effective.

4. Regular Veterinary Care

Routine veterinary check-ups are essential for monitoring your horse’s health. Your vet can perform blood tests to assess insulin levels and adjust management strategies as needed.

Understanding and managing Equine Metabolic Syndrome is vital for maintaining your horse’s health and preventing serious complications like laminitis. By making informed dietary choices, ensuring regular exercise, and working closely with your veterinarian, you can help your horse live a healthier, happier life. Always remember that early detection and proactive management are key to controlling EMS effectively.