When we think of climate change, we often picture melting glaciers or parched farmlands.
But for horse owners, trainers, and veterinarians, the effects hit much closer to home—sometimes right in the paddock.
Horses are tough, adaptable animals. They’ve survived for centuries in harsh conditions across the globe. But today’s rapidly shifting climate poses new threats—ones they can’t face alone.
From extreme heatwaves and poor air quality to changes in feed, parasites, and even behavior, climate change is beginning to shape the daily lives—and long-term health—of horses in subtle but serious ways.
How Climate Change Is Affecting Horses Right Now
We’re no longer talking about the distant future. Horse owners are already seeing the effects of climate disruption on a daily basis.
1. Heat Stress and Dehydration
Higher temperatures and prolonged heatwaves can push horses past their ability to regulate body temperature. Unlike humans, horses don’t sweat as efficiently, and when it gets too hot, they’re at risk for:
- Heatstroke
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Poor performance and delayed recovery
Older horses, foals, and those in heavy work are especially vulnerable.
Horse shows and competitions are already being canceled or rescheduled in areas facing heat emergencies. And stable management now involves more fans, misters, and early-morning ride times than ever before.
2. Respiratory Issues from Wildfire Smoke & Air Pollution
Wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense due to drier conditions and rising global temperatures. For horses, breathing in smoke and ash-laden air can lead to:
- Coughing
- Labored breathing
- Aggravation of existing respiratory conditions (like heaves)
- Long-term lung damage
Even stabled horses aren’t completely protected. Air quality can become dangerous quickly, especially in barn structures without adequate ventilation.
3. Changes in Forage Quality and Availability
Droughts, floods, and erratic rainfall patterns are affecting pasture growth and hay production. That means:
- Less nutritious grass
- Hay shortages (and increased prices)
- Greater need for supplemental feed
In some regions, horse owners are struggling to secure enough hay to get through winter. In others, flash floods destroy hay stores in a single night.
What your horse eats—and how much it costs—is now directly impacted by global weather patterns.
4. Parasites and Diseases on the Move
Warmer winters and shifting climates are expanding the range and seasonality of parasites and infectious diseases. Horses are now facing longer tick seasons, more intense fly infestations, and increased risks of diseases like:
- West Nile Virus
- Lyme Disease
- EPM (Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis)
- Pigeon Fever
Diseases once considered “regional” are now popping up in new locations as insects and bacteria move with the warming weather.
5. Flooding and Hoof Health
Increased rainfall and unexpected flooding create wet, muddy conditions that are rough on hooves. Prolonged moisture can lead to:
- Thrush
- Abscesses
- Soft soles and frog deterioration
- Difficulty keeping shoes on
These aren’t just cosmetic problems—hoof issues can sideline a horse for weeks, if not longer.
Emotional and Behavioral Effects
Just like humans, horses are impacted mentally and emotionally by environmental stress. Unpredictable weather, poor footing, confinement during air quality alerts—all of this can lead to:
- Increased anxiety or reactivity
- Resistance during training
- Decreased focus and willingness
- Higher risk of injury due to stress or slipping
Horses thrive on routine. Climate change is challenging the very predictability they depend on.
What Can We Do to Help Our Horses?
While climate change is a global issue, horse owners can take local, proactive steps to protect and support their animals.
1. Modify Schedules
- Ride early or late in the day during heatwaves
- Avoid strenuous work during high humidity or poor air days
- Watch for heat stress signs like heavy sweating, dark urine, or lethargy
2. Enhance Shelter and Ventilation
- Install fans, shade structures, or misting systems
- Provide shelter in pastures to protect from sun and rain
- Keep barns open and well-ventilated
3. Plan Feed Storage Carefully
- Secure dry, elevated hay storage
- Build relationships with multiple hay suppliers in case of shortages
- Consider soil testing and pasture management to maintain forage quality
4. Stay Updated on Health Trends
- Talk to your vet about evolving disease and parasite risks in your area
- Adjust deworming and vaccination protocols accordingly
- Monitor horse behavior and condition closely through seasonal changes
5. Prepare for Emergencies
- Have evacuation plans for wildfires, floods, or extreme weather
- Microchip your horse or use ID tags in case of emergency relocation
- Keep health and medical records in a grab-and-go folder
The Bigger Picture: Advocacy and Awareness
We may not be able to stop climate change overnight, but raising awareness within the equine community is a powerful start.
Support equine nonprofits focused on sustainability. Speak up for land conservation and responsible agriculture. Share knowledge with your local barn, club, or 4H group. Every action counts.
Because in the end, horses can’t speak for themselves.
And they’ll feel the impact of our decisions—good or bad—for generations.
Final Thoughts: Riding Into an Uncertain Future
Climate change isn’t just a science headline. It’s happening now—in our barns, our pastures, and in the tired eyes of horses trying to cope with heat, smoke, mud, and more.
But with awareness, compassion, and action, we can soften the path ahead.
Our horses have carried us through history. Now it’s our turn to carry them—into a future we’re all still shaping.